Open education resources and developing countries: one critical view
Abstract
This paper examines the global socio-economic context of the emergence of open educational resources and their special role in the educational systems of the developing countries. The central place is reserved for the very idea of education, which is elaborated through a selection of criticisms and analyses of educational reforms and through questions of basic conditions, methods of teaching and expected results in education. Special attention is given to global poverty, that is, uneven global development, and in line with that to the increasingly aggressive reproduction of the existent socio-economic relations by means of uneven education. The consideration of these general conditions results in an inevitably sceptical and critical approach to the ideological, technological and pedagogical aspects of the initiatives that create and promote open educational resources.
References
References
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UNESCO. “Open educational resources”. Promotional video, 3:05. Published 2012. Accessed 10 August 2016. http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/?s=films_details&id_page=33&id_film=2573.
UNESCO. 2012 Paris OER Declaration. Published 22 June 2012. Accessed 8 May 2016. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/Events/Paris%20OER%20Declaration_01.pdf.
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Examples
Al Jazeera English. “India: High tech mirage”. Documentary programme, 24:59. Al Jazeera English, 2014b. Accessed 25 May 2016. http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2014/03/india-high-tech-mirage-201431985356939298.html.
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Computers 4 Africa. “About Computers 4 Africa”. Accessed 23 May 2016. http://www.computers4africa.org.uk/about/index.php.
Garside, Juliette & Charles Arthur. “Workers rights’ ‘flouted’ at Apple’s iPhone factory in China”. The Guardian, 5 September 2013. Accessed 25 May 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/05/workers-rights-flouted-apple-iphone-plant.
Kwon, Dae-Bong. “Human capital and its measurement”. 3rd OECD World Forum on “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”: Charting Progress, Building Visions, Improving Life. Busan, South Korea, October 2009. Accessed 1 August 2016. http://www.oecd.org/site/progresskorea/44109779.pdf.
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Maendeleo Foundation. “Mobile solar computer classrooms”. Published 2015. Accessed 23 May 2016.
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Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (CERI), Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources. OECD, 2007.
Crissinger, Sarah. “A critical take on OER practices: Interrogating commercialization, colonialism and content”. In the Library with the Lead Pipe (blog), 21 October 2015. Accessed 14 July 2016. http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2015/a-critical-take-on-oer-practices-interrogating-commercialization-colonialism-and-content.
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Hylén, Jan. “Mapping users and producers of open educational resources”. UNESCO, November 2006. Accessed 25 May 2016. http://www.unesco.org/iiep/virtualuniversity/media/forum/iiep_oecd_oer_forum_note1.pdf.
Knox, Jeremy. “Five critiques of the open educational resources movement”. Teaching in Higher Education 18, no. 8 (2013): p. 821– 832. doi:10.1080/13562517.2013.774354. Accessed 2 August 2016. Retrieved from: http://www.academia.edu/2651447/Knox_J._2013_Five_Critiques_of_the_Open_Educational_Resources_Movement._Teaching_in_Higher_Education.
Knox, Richard. “5 years after Haiti's earthquake, where did the $13.5 billion go?” NPR, 12 January 2015. Accessed 20 May 2016. http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2015/01/12/376138864/5-years-after-haiti-s-earthquake-why-aren-t-things-better.
Leyva, Rodolfo. “No Child Left Behind: A neoliberal repackaging of social darwinism”. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies 7, no. 1 (2009): p. 365–381. Accessed 25 July 2016. http://www.jceps.com/wp-content/uploads/PDFs/07-1-15.pdf.
Makarenko, A. [S.] Problems of Soviet School Education. Trans. O. Shartse. Moscow: Progess Publishers, 1965.
McClenaghan, Meave. “Investigation: Top universities take £134m from fossil fuel giants despite divestment drive”. Greenpeace Energydesk, 23 October 2015. Accessed 15 June 2016. http://energydesk.greenpeace.org/2015/10/23/data-top-universities-take-134m-from-fossil-fuel-giants-despite-divestment-drive.
Meyer, Heinz-Dieter & Katie Zahedi. “Open letter to Andreas Schleicher”. Global Policy Journal, 5 May 2014. Accessed 20 May 2016. http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/05/05/2014/open-letter-andreas-schleicher-oecd-paris.
Multinational Monitor. “BP: A legacy of aparthied, pollution and exploitation”. Multinational Monitor, 1992. Accessed 15 June 2016. http://www.multinationalmonitor.org/hyper/issues/1992/11/mm1192_11.html.
Mungai, Martin. “12 challenges facing computer education in Kenyan schools”. ICT Works, 12 September 2011. Accessed 29 July 2016. http://www.ictworks.org/2011/09/12/12-challenges-facing-computer-education-kenyan-schools.
OECD. “How is equality in resource allocation related to student performance?” PISA in Focus, no. 44, October 2014. Accessed 17 May 2016. https://www.oecd.org/pisa/pisaproducts/pisainfocus/pisa-in-focus-n44-(eng)-final.pdf.
OER Africa. “Who we are”. Accessed 20 August 2016. http://www.oerafrica.org/about-us/who-we-are.
Palomino, Joaquin. “The university of private enterprise”. East Bay Express, 10 April 2013. Accessed 15 June 2016. http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/the-university-of-private-enterprise/Content?oid=3518686.
Pilkington, Ed. “UN makes first public admission of blame for Haiti cholera outbreak”. The Guardian, 18 August 2016. Accessed 20 May 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/18/un-public-admission-haiti-cholera-outbreak.
Robinson, Ken. “How to change education: From the ground up”. YouTube video, 24:02. A video recording of a lecture held at the Royal Society of Arts in London on 1 July 2013. Uploaded by “The RSA” 18 July 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEsZOnyQzxQ.
Russell, Jon. “Apple, Microsoft, Samsung and other tech firms implicated in child labour report”. TechCrunch, 19 January 2016. Accessed 27 May 2016. https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/19/apple-microsoft-samsung-and-other-tech-firms-implicated-in-child-labor-report.
Saunders, Daniel B. “Neoliberal ideology and public higher education in the United States”. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies 8, no. 1 (2010): p. 41–77. Accessed 25 July 2016. http://www.jceps.com/wp-content/uploads/PDFs/08-1-02.pdf.
Save the Children. “Children of Syria”. Published 2016. Accessed 15 August 2016. http://www.savethechildren.org/site/c.8rKLIXMGIpI4E/b.7998857/k.D075/Syria.htm.
UN Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute.“Organized crime and corruption”. Accessed 27 July 2016. http://www.unicri.it/topics/organized_crime_corruption.
UNESCO. The Dakar Framework for Action: Education for All: Meeting Our Collective Commitments. World Education Forum, Dakar, Senegal, 26–28 April. UNESCO, 2000. Accessed 15 May 2016. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0012/001211/121147e.pdf.
UNESCO. “Open educational resources”. Promotional video, 3:05. Published 2012. Accessed 10 August 2016. http://www.unesco.org/archives/multimedia/?s=films_details&id_page=33&id_film=2573.
UNESCO. 2012 Paris OER Declaration. Published 22 June 2012. Accessed 8 May 2016. http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/Events/Paris%20OER%20Declaration_01.pdf.
UNESCO. Teaching and Learning: Achieving Quality for All ( Education for All Global Monitoring Report, 2013/4). UNESCO, 2014. Accessed 15 May 2016. http://en.unesco.org/gem-report/report/2014/teaching-and-learning-achieving-quality-all.
UNESCO Institute for Statistics. “263 million children and youth are out of school”. Published 15 July 2016. Accessed 22 August 2016. http://uis.unesco.org/en/news/263-million-children-and-youth-are-out-school.
UNICEF. “Child labour”. UNICEF, 11 June 2015. Accessed 20 May 2016. https://www.unicef.org/protection/57929_child_labour.html.
United States Department of Labor. “Minimum wage”. United States Department of Labor. Accessed 23 July 2016. https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage.
WageIndicator. “Minimum wages”. WageIndicator, 2016. Accessed 23 July 2016. http://www.wageindicator.org/main/salary/minimum-wage.
Washburn, Jennifer. Big Oil Goes to College: An Analysis of 10 Research Collaboration Contracts between Leading Energy Companies and Major U.S. Universities. Center for American Progress, 2010. Accessed 15 June 2016.
Weibel, Catherine. “In Gaza, children go back to school after a devastating summer”. UNICEF, 2014. Accessed 10 June 2016. http://www.unicef.org/education/oPt_75921.html.
Wilson, Lerone D. No Child Left Behind. A documentary film. Boondoggle Media, 2004. YouTube video, 56:02. Uploaded by “Boondoggle” 6 April 2011. Accessed 15 June 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yiGN7kVyeaM.
Zhao, Yong.“A true wake-up call for Arne Duncan”. Education in the Age of Globalization (blog), 10 December 2010. Accessed 15 May 2016. http://zhaolearning.com/2010/12/10/a-true-wake-up-call-for-arne-duncan-the-real-reason-behind-chinese-students-top-pisa-performance.
Zhao, Yong. “How does PISA put the world at risk (part 1): Romanticizing misery”. Education in the Age of Globalization (blog), 9 March 2014. Accessed 15 May 2016. http://zhaolearning.com/2014/03/09/how-does-pisa-put-the-world-at-risk-part-1-romanticizing-misery.
Zolnikov, Tara Rava.“From developed to developing country: Water and war in Iraq”. Johns Hopkins Water Magazine, 31 May 2013. Accessed 5 July 2016. http://water.jhu.edu/index.php/magazine/from-developed-to-developing-country-water-and-war-in-iraq.
Examples
Al Jazeera English. “India: High tech mirage”. Documentary programme, 24:59. Al Jazeera English, 2014b. Accessed 25 May 2016. http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/peopleandpower/2014/03/india-high-tech-mirage-201431985356939298.html.
Chakrabortty, Aditya. “The woman who nearly died making your iPad”. The Guardian, 25 August 2013. Accessed 25 May 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/aug/05/woman-nearly-died-making-ipad.
Computers 4 Africa. “About Computers 4 Africa”. Accessed 23 May 2016. http://www.computers4africa.org.uk/about/index.php.
Garside, Juliette & Charles Arthur. “Workers rights’ ‘flouted’ at Apple’s iPhone factory in China”. The Guardian, 5 September 2013. Accessed 25 May 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/05/workers-rights-flouted-apple-iphone-plant.
Kwon, Dae-Bong. “Human capital and its measurement”. 3rd OECD World Forum on “Statistics, Knowledge and Policy”: Charting Progress, Building Visions, Improving Life. Busan, South Korea, October 2009. Accessed 1 August 2016. http://www.oecd.org/site/progresskorea/44109779.pdf.
Maendeleo Foundation. “About us”. Accessed 23 May 2016. http://maendeleofoundation.org/our-story/.
Maendeleo Foundation. “Mobile solar computer classrooms”. Published 2015. Accessed 23 May 2016.
http://maendeleofoundation.org/projects/mobile-solar-computer-classrooms.
Spellings, Margaret. “Building a globally competitive workforce”. US Chamber of Commerce Foundation, 31 May 2012. Accessed 4 August 2016. https://www.uschamberfoundation.org/newsletter-article/building-globally-competitive-workforce.
UN Deapartment of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). “Linking education to human capital development”. Published 21 March 2011. Accessed 21 May 2016. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/ecosoc/linking_education.html.
UN Deapartment of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA). “Human and natural capital as important as financial capital”. Published 17 May 2012. Accessed 21 May 2016. http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/news/financing/new-paradigm-job-creation.html.
Published
2017-01-09
How to Cite
PANTIĆ, Marija.
Open education resources and developing countries: one critical view.
Infotheca - Journal for Digital Humanities, [S.l.], v. 17, n. 1, jan. 2017.
ISSN 2217-9461.
Available at: <https://infoteka.bg.ac.rs/ojs/index.php/Infoteka/article/view/2017.17.1.3_en>. Date accessed: 20 apr. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18485/infotheca.2017.17.1.3.
Section
Articles
Keywords
open educational resources, developing countries, globalisation, inequality
